Flat-Earthism has become an informal synonym for pseudoscience on social media in recent years. It's no wonder, because it's one of the most obvious pseudosciences, an absurd falsification of currently very basic scientific facts, such as the shape of the planet Earth, has become an easy target for mockery, especially among those who consider themselves to be more knowledgeable about science. That's why I also decided to adopt it to refer to a series of pseudo-knowledge, but about human behavior, that have become hegemonic in the government, the media and academia, and that, ironically, tend to be wrongly ratified as legitimate knowledge by many of those who love to mock the original flat-earthers... I've also gotten used to calling these flat-earthers "good pseudosciences" (ideologically biased to the "left" on the political-ideological spectrum). So, without further ado, let's get to them:
1. That human behavior is the product only of environmental circumstances or that we are mere reagents, with little will of our own
A kind of denialistic "circumstantialism" because it disregards the importance of the biology or nature of the human individual in relation to his or her own behavior, which is probably inspired by the belief in the blank slate, that we are born as blank sheets of paper and that our mental characteristics are shaped only by life experiences. As if our mental traits were not also, on average, inherited from our parents, just as happens with "physical" traits. In fact, our psychological and cognitive behaviors are predominantly stable expressions of the morphology and constitution of our brains, as well as of other more closely related organic aspects, such as hormones, in interaction with the environment. They are also "physical". And this brings us to the second flat-eartherism of behavior...
2. That human behavior is exclusively mental, in the supposed sense of being metaphysical or unrelated to "physical patterns"
As if the mind, and only or especially the human mind, presented a radically different nature from the rest of the body, as if it were not physical and chemical either, but a kind of abstraction that transcends such "limitations"... I have already called this type of thinking, which can be considered fallacious, semanticalism, in which an exaggerated significance is attributed to the word in relation to the element or phenomenon it symbolizes, even more so when it is a term that is more imaginary than real or that does not present confirmed evidence. As for this type of flat-earthism that denies the physical-chemical nature of the mind, I could call it "mentalism", an absolutely excessive emphasis on the "mind" to the point of treating it as a reality in itself and not as what is most likely to be: a derived expression.
Yes, yes, "physicalism" is by far the most sensible hypothesis about what the human mind would be, basically what has been said at this point, and which is the most accepted by science. Yet another useless discussion raised and sustained by philosophy, or by this "philosophy" without a quality filter, in which ideas divorced from a minimum and necessary collaboration with scientific thought continue to be considered in the field of intellectually pertinent discussions, even if they do not present any evidence (or indirect clue) that they are feasible.
3. That human behavior is invariably logical
A kind of excessive emphasis on the logical character of human behavior, more in the sense of reciprocal action and reaction, such as the example that, if an individual has an upbringing devoid of affection and understanding during his formative years, he will inevitably become an adult of dubious character. However, personality is a very relevant factor in this dynamic, which makes this idea of directly reciprocal or "logical" reaction less evident. And since personality traits, in addition to being reactive patterns, also tend to be more stable or variably independent of what happens around the human individual... Another example is the idea that environmental conditions unilaterally favor certain behaviors, such as in the case of being in a situation of poverty and committing crimes, even as a justification for committing such actions, and which still usually comes with the generic solution of combating social inequalities, as if only the environment were causal in relation to this or that behavior and as if all human action were reciprocally logical, here, in which poverty or social neglect would justify the practice of crimes. And even though there is always an obvious and constant interaction between the environment and the human being, what determines our behaviors, in the sense of "giving the final answer", is "ourselves" or what we present in terms of personality, intelligence... of how we have reacted, interpreted and concluded from our experiences. Once again, an appeal to my defense "heterodox" approach to validating biological determinism as an absolute truth, quite different from what, especially, the so-called flat-earthers of behavior, tend to position themselves on...
Because one of the most basic technical mistakes that has been made to exhaustion in the area of psychology, and that contributes to the emergence of these flat-earthers, is the confusion between correlation and causality, for example, the positive correlation between the type of upbringing received and the capacity for moral discernment, in which many academic researchers have come to the conclusion that the type of upbringing is a causal factor in the development of the character of a human individual, instead of thinking about the less generalist and, therefore, less extraordinary possibility, that parents tend to produce children who inherit similar personality traits from them, with this more robust statistical agreement occurring, primarily based on one of the most basic facts of biology, not just human biology, heredity, and not just "physical traits", since the type of upbringing also reflects the personality traits of an individual, in this case, the parents, in interaction with their family environment. So, in simpler words easy, we have: more intrinsically loving parents are more likely to have more loving or empathetic children (although this rule does not seem to be significant, even due to the relatively random nature of the inheritance patterns of traits among human beings. In any case, this tendency for concordance of personality traits and intelligence between parents and their biological children is greater than the tendency for discordance, hence the more positive than negative correlation).
4. That human behavior is the exclusive product of upbringing or education
A type of "behavioral creationism" in which everything about human behavior is credited to the upbringing received during the formative years, again, denying the fact that we are practically born with psychological and cognitive predispositions (which can also be called patterns) that we inherit from our parents (more in a combinatorial sense than directly transmitted) and that we even begin to express them from the first years of life. An example of a hypothesis that has been raised based on this pseudoscience is that of the "cooler mother", to explain autism.
4.1 That human behavior is the exclusive product of culture
A denialist variation of the influence of biology on human behavior of what has already been shown above, but focusing on the belief that culture is the most important factor of influence. But culture, on average, reflects psychological and cognitive characteristics of the population that expresses it, including the common tendency for social conformity, in the case of a highly social species, such as ours. Culture did not come first or out of nowhere. And even in the case of absolute dictatorships, such as that of North Korea, where a more direct imposition of a culture on a population is perceived, the latter always ends up adapting, also out of conformity, although, in this example, it is a more traditional culture that has changed little since before the socialist revolution, whose most notable changes were the introduction of a personality cult of leaders and the significant increase in the restriction of individual and/or democratic freedoms. But even in the case of more significant cultural (behavior or customs) or intergenerational changes, such as those that have occurred in the Western world, first of all, they could not be happen without there being a biological possibility for this, based on that very basic logic that it is not possible for an individual to become something that is not available as a possibility in his/her list of behavioral plasticity, such as in the example of an individual with modest cognitive abilities who, in a normal life trajectory scenario, cannot become gifted (in a more academically traditional sense) just by effort or dedication to this goal. Therefore, these changes cannot be or are not totally divorced from biology. Secondly, not everyone in a generation reacts in the same way to their cultural environment, as seen in the existence of individuals explicitly opposed to the behavioral tendencies of their generation. Thirdly, it is also important to note the existence of a porcentage of the population that adheres only superficially to the prevailing culture, by conformity, but more in the sense of social pressure to, at least, not position themselves contrary to the postulates determined as the order of the day, to conform through silence. In short, different human beings tend to react in different ways to the same pressures from the cultural environment. Yes, especially compared to other species, we are very generalists. But this does not mean that our behavioral plasticity is indefinite or infinite...
So this belief that we are more generalists than/what we really are leads us to the fifth flat-earthism...
5. That human behavior is very plastic or adaptive, also in the sense of being undefined/without absolute limitations
As if our emotional and cognitive limits were always and only a matter of mental block and that, with an appropriate intervention, it were possible to overcome them. For example, the hypothesis that it would be a specific anxiety that explains difficulties in learning mathematics and not that they could be reflections of characteristics of the individual's own cognitive profile, something more intrinsic, and that, therefore, cannot be absolutely changed.
This leads us to examples of flat-earthism in the behavior of some specific disciplines:
Education
It is based on the belief that every student who does not present evident intellectual disabilities has a similar or identical potential for developing their cognitive abilities and that, what most differentiates them in terms of academic performance, is the effort put into studying plus the environmental conditions (how favorable or unfavorable they are). It is also applied to behavior or personality differences, in which they are attributed to the same factors: cultural, upbringing, or environmental, and never to the student's own nature (biology or "genetics").
There are other expressions of flat-earthism in behavior in the area of education, more specifically in subjects such as history and geography, in which there is a dominance of narratives of the same type, but applied in social and historical contexts, such as that the main or only reasons for the differences in social and economic development between nations are their historical and cultural trajectories, completely disregarding biological factors, such as the average intelligence and temperament of their populations.
From psychology
It can be considered as the original flat-earthism of behavior, as it relates to knowledge that deals directly with human behavior. And as has already been mentioned, it is based on a kind of scientific illiteracy disguised as human sciences, for example, by always proposing hypotheses that confuse correlation with causality in relation to the factors that influence our behaviors, always pointing to environmental factors as the most influential, delegating an irrelevant role to biology.
Biology
In this discipline, the denial of the predominant influence of biology on human behavior is more sophisticated, precisely because it is biology itself, especially with the rise of epigenetics, a branch derived from genetics that is probably valid in scientific terms, but which has been used to confront and invalidate the importance of genetics in human behavior and development and not to add knowledge. Hence, as is the norm of a typical pseudoscience, lacking in multidisciplinarity, everything about a phenomenon or situation, in this case, behavior, is attributed to the same cause, "epigenetics" or "supposedly independent, parallel and/or external influences on genetic variation and determination", whereas a more scientifically adequate analysis considers all the factors involved and seeks to construct a hierarchy from the most influential to the least influential factors (which, in this case, would be biology as more influential than the environment in determining human behavior, a fact ratified by the perception of patterns that positively corroborate this conclusion, such as by the predominant failure of pedagogical interventions in promoting a substantial improvement in students' academic performance).
From criminology
The same inversion of the relationship between cause and effect, but within a judicial context, in which the human subject is placed in a more secondary position of importance in relation to his own behavior and in a situation where crimes are committed, the beliefs that environmental factors, and not character, is predominate (the first flat-earther theory), and also in the complete moral regeneration of anyone who commits crimes (the third, fourth and fifth)...
There are also some ideologically related and radical ideologies, such as penal abolitionism, which advocate the end of penitentiaries, that is, based on these flat-earther theories, in addition to other philosophically and scientifically dubious sources...